ФРАЗОВЫЕ
ГЛАГОЛЫ (PHRASAL VERBS)
Фразовые глаголы часто употребляют со следующими словами:
on, off, in,
out, up, down,
away, back, over,
about, round, forward,
through, along. И часто смысл
глагола меняется. Например:
Look! - Посмотри!
Look out! - Будь осторожен!
Вот некоторые из них:
Глагол |
Значение |
Пример
(подчеркнут) |
| break down |
stop functioning |
That old Jeep had a tendency to break
down. |
| catch on |
become popular |
Popular songs seem to catch on
in California first. |
| come back |
return to a place |
We will never come back to this
horrible place. |
| come in |
enter |
They tried to come in through the
back door, but it was locked. |
| come to |
regain consciousness |
He was hit on the head very hard, but
after several minutes, he started to come to again. |
| come over |
to visit |
The children promised to come over,
but they never do. |
| drop by |
visit without appointment |
We used to just drop by, but they
were never home, so we stopped doing that. |
| eat out |
dine in a restaurant |
When we visited Paris, we loved eating
out in the sidewalk cafes. |
| get by |
survive |
Uncle Heine didn't have much money, but
he always seemed to get by without borrowing money
from relatives. |
| get up |
arise |
Grandmother tried to get up, but
the couch was too low, and she couldn't make it on her
own. |
| go back |
return to a place |
It's hard to imagine that we will ever
go back to Lithuania. |
| go on |
continue |
He would finish one Dickens novel and
then just go on to the next. |
| grow up |
get older |
Charles grew up to be a lot like
his father. |
| keep away |
remain at a distance |
The judge warned the stalker to keep
away from his victim's home. |
| keep on (+gerund) |
continue with the same |
He tried to keep on singing
long after his voice was ruined. |
| pass out |
lose consciousness, faint |
He had drunk too much; he passed out
on the sidewalk outside the bar. |
| show off |
demonstrate haughtily |
Whenever he sat down at the piano, we
knew he was going to show off. |
| show up |
arrive |
Day after day, Efrain showed up
for class twenty minutes late. |
| wake up |
arouse from sleep |
I woke up when the rooster (ам.
петух) crowed. |
СОКРАЩЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛОВ
1. В разговорном английском языке обычно используются
сокращенные формы вспомогательных глаголов. Их также часто используют
и в неформальной письменной речи. При использовании сокращенной
формы вместо пропущенных букв ставится апостроф ('):
| 'm = am |
I'm your boss. |
| 's = is |
She's my girlfriend. |
| 's = has |
He's just a freak. |
| 're =are |
You're all right. |
| 've = have |
We've lost it! |
| 'll = will или shall |
I'll be back. |
| 'd = would или had |
They'd like to meet you. |
2. Сокращенные формы глаголов с частицей not:
do not = don't;
does not = doesn’t;
did not = didn't;
have not = haven't;
has not = hasn't;
had not = hadn't;
cannot = can’t;
could not = couldn't;
will not = won’t;
shall not = shan’t;
would not = wouln't;
should not = shouldn't;
must not = mustn't;
need not = needn't;
might not = mightn't (редко);
dare not = daren't (редко);
is not = isn't;
are not = aren’t
[a:nt];
was not = wasn't;
were not = weren't;
ain't = is not, are not (редко);
3. Некоторые из этих сокращенных форм используются после вопросительных
слов:
who's = who is;
who'll = who will (или who shall);
who'd = who would, who had;
what's = what is, what has;
what'll = what will;
how's = how is, how has;
where's = where is, where has;
when's = when is;
here's = here is;
that's = that is;
that'll = that will;
there's = there is, there has;
there'll = there will.
Иногда краткие формы (особенно 's) используются
после существительного:
John's coming. = John is coming.
Her sister's just left. = Her sister has just left.
Сокращенные формы не используются, если соответствующий
глагол стоит в конце предложения:
Yes, you are. (Нельзя сказать Yes,
you're.)
Do you remember how old he is? (Нельзя сказать Do
you remember how old he's.)
Основы
английской грамматики |
